When photographing in water, you can use compositions that are widely used on land. But there are several things you need to pay attention to:
1. Filling the frame
You can also get good photos with an unattractive background, by moving the camera closer to the subject. By moving the camera closer to the subject, the background becomes blurry.
EOS 80D, USM III EF16-35mm f/2.8L lens, f/11, 28 mm, 1/320sec, ISO400
Source : https://snapshot.canon-asia.com/
2. Photograph the entire animal's body
Make sure that all the bodies of the animals you are going to take are included in the frame, so that there are no important parts that are not included in the frame.
3. Rule of thirds
An easy composition to do is using the rule of thirds or what is known as the rule of thirds. Place the main subject at the point where the lines intersect.
4. Lines, patterns, and frames
You can observe the lines, patterns, and frames that exist in nature and help direct the viewer's attention to the main subject.
5. Shooting direction
Usually when shooting wild animals such as birds, an angle at eye level is used. Meanwhile, in underwater photography, most people like to photograph from below the subject looking up because they will get a cleaner background than the seabed which has many other subjects in it.