Program Mode (P)
In this mode, the camera automatically determines the aperture and shutter speed settings. The camera balances the aperture and shutter speed. In bright conditions, the aperture value will increase and the shutter speed will increase. In darker conditions, the aperture value will decrease and the shutter speed will be slightly slower, resulting in a blurred image.
Shutter Speed Priority Mode (S or Tv)
In this mode, you can manually set the shutter speed and the camera will automatically set the aperture. Typically, this mode is used when you need a specific shutter speed, for example, when you need a fast shutter speed or when the shutter speed is slow to produce a blurred photo.
If in bright conditions, the aperture number will increase so that the opening becomes small and little light enters. Vice versa.
Aperture Priority (Av) mode
In this mode, you can manually set the aperture and the shutter speed will follow the amount of light entering the lens. This mode can help ensure that your photos are neither too dark nor too bright, as it can adapt to the lighting conditions.
Manual Mode (M)
In this mode you can determine the aperture and shutter speed manually. Cameras can help provide information through metering scales. This mode can be used when lighting conditions confuse the camera. For example, if you are photographing people on the beach, the camera may judge the exposure incorrectly so that the person's face becomes dark because the camera measures exposure on lighter colored beach sand. Apart from that, you can also use this mode when shooting panoramas that require consistent light so that all the resulting photos are consistent.
Bulb Mode (B)
This is a special mode in the camera that allows you to use a shutter speed longer than 30 seconds. This mode is usually used for astrophotography or painting with light photography.
